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Uso da termografía infravermella na detección precoz de úlceras por presión: unha revisión narrativa

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Úlceras por Presión, Termografía Infravermella, Detección Precoz, Coidados, Enfermaría

Resumo

Introdución:
As úlceras por presión representan un problema de saúde pública significativo e un indicador da calidade da atención de enfermaría. A detección precoz do dano tisular é fundamental para a súa prevención; non obstante, a avaliación visual da pel ten limitacións, especialmente nas etapas iniciais e en individuos con tons de pel máis escuros. A termografía infravermella proponse como unha ferramenta non invasiva capaz de identificar alteracións térmicas subclínicas antes da aparición de signos visibles.

Obxectivo: Analizar a evidencia dispoñible sobre o uso da termografía infravermella na detección precoz, prevención e monitorización das úlceras por presión desde unha perspectiva de enfermaría.

Metodoloxía: Realizouse unha revisión narrativa da literatura mediante unha busca estruturada en PubMed, CINAHL Complete e Scopus. Incluíronse estudos publicados entre 2016 e 2025 que avaliaron a aplicación da termografía infravermella en pacientes con risco ou con úlceras.

Resultados: Incluíronse vinte e dous estudos, principalmente observacionais. A maioría demostraron que a termografía permite a detección de variacións térmicas na pel intacta antes da aparición de signos clínicos visibles e proporciona información útil para monitorizar e predicir a gravidade das úlceras por presión. Os estudos que analizaron o ton da pel demostraron que os patróns térmicos non se ven influenciados significativamente polo fototipo, o que reforza a súa utilidade como ferramenta complementaria e equitativa.

Conclusións: A termografía infravermella pode mellorar a avaliación de enfermaría na prevención e detección precoz das úlceras por presión. Non obstante, necesítanse estudos con metodoloxías estandarizadas para apoiar a súa implementación na práctica clínica habitual.

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Enfermera Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital público da Mariña

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Enfermera Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital público da Mariña

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Enfermera Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital público da Mariña

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Enfermera Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital público da Mariña

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Enfermera Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital público da Mariña

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Enfermera Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital público da Mariña

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Publicada

2026-03-31

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