Impacto psicosocial de la exposición a la violencia de género en menores: un análisis mixto de fortalezas y dificultades.

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Violencia de Género, Salud Infantil, Abuso Emocional, Síntomas Afectivos, Conducta Infantil, Intervención Psicosocial, Resiliencia Psicológica, Menores

Resumen

Introducción: La violencia de género es un problema de salud pública global con profundas implicaciones sociales, sanitarias y epidemiológicas. Este fenómeno afecta gravemente el bienestar físico, psicológico y social de las mujeres y sus familias, especialmente de los menores expuestos, quienes presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar problemas emocionales, conductuales y sociales.

Objetivo: Analizar las consecuencias psicosociales de la exposición a la violencia de género en menores, con énfasis en sus fortalezas prosociales y dificultades emocionales y conductuales.

Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño mixto que combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos. La evaluación cuantitativa se realizó mediante el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, administrado a menores expuestos a contextos de violencia de género. El análisis cualitativo se basó en un enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, explorando las narrativas de las madres sobre el impacto en sus hijos. Se incluyó una muestra de 9 madres y sus hijos atendidos por la Unidad de la Mujer del Concello de Ames.

Resultados: Los menores mostraron fortalezas en comportamientos prosociales, como empatía y cooperación (100%), pero también presentaron dificultades emocionales y conductuales. El 66,7% reportó síntomas físicos asociados al estrés, como dolores de cabeza o náuseas, y un porcentaje similar presentó hiperactividad o inatención. Además, se observaron episodios de rabietas (66,7%) y sentimientos de soledad (66,7%), aunque no se identificaron comportamientos antisociales graves. El análisis cualitativo reveló la presencia de hipervigilancia, ansiedad y roles parentales en los hijos mayores.

Conclusión: Este estudio exploratorio destaca el impacto multidimensional de la exposición a la violencia de género en menores, quienes desarrollan habilidades prosociales como mecanismos de adaptación, pero enfrentan importantes desafíos emocionales y conductuales. Las intervenciones deben enfocarse en fortalecer las habilidades socioemocionales, promover la resiliencia y abordar las causas subyacentes del malestar emocional. Además, es fundamental incluir a los cuidadores en las estrategias de intervención para garantizar un entorno familiar más seguro y estable.

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31-03-2026 — Actualizado el 23-04-2026

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Pego Pérez, E. R., Antelo Martelo, M., Jorge Soto, C., Ordóñez Mayán, L., Rodríguez Pérez, I., Bermello López, L., & Pérez González, S. (2026). Impacto psicosocial de la exposición a la violencia de género en menores: un análisis mixto de fortalezas y dificultades. Revista Enfermeir@s, 1(46), 38–53. Recuperado a partir de https://www.enfermerialugo.org/revista/index.php/enfermeiraos/article/view/906 (Original work published 31 de marzo de 2026)

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Artículos Originales de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades